Kaum tsib Daim Ntawv Thov Kev Siv Khoom Ntxiv Hauv Kev Ua Haujlwm Hauv Tebchaws

Jul 05, 2022

Additive manufacturing technology yeej ib txwm tau dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb, xws li marine, aerospace thiab automotive, nrog rau nws cov haib zog. Tau kawg, nws tseem tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm cov chaw tiv thaiv thoob ntiaj teb. Qhov tseeb, nws xav tias los ntawm 2027, tus nqi ntawm cov tub rog 3D luam ntawv kev lag luam yuav ncav cuag 1.7 billion US dollars.

Xav txog qhov kev thov kom ceev ceev, sib zog thiab tus nqi qis ntawm cov khoom siv tub rog, nws yog undoubtedly qhov tsim nyog xaiv additive manufacturing technology kom ua tiav cov haujlwm no. Qee qhov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv hauv kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws hauv ntau lub tebchaws thoob ntiaj teb tau teev tseg. Los ntawm cov xwm txheej no, peb tuaj yeem pom qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej no hauv kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws.

9-meter-ntev hlau 3D tshuab luam ntawv

Cov tub rog Asmeskas tau ntseeg txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tsim khoom ntxiv, thiab hauv 2021 lawv tau tshaj tawm tias lawv yuav tsim lub ntiaj teb loj tshaj plaws hlau 3D tshuab luam ntawv. US DEVCOM Army Ground Vehicle System Center yog tsim lub tshuab luam ntawv loj no nrog kev pab los ntawm ASTRO America, Ingersoll Machine Tool, Siemens thiab MELD Manufacturing Joint Manufacturing and Technology Center hauv Rock Island Arsenal. Lub tshuab luam ntawv no yuav dhau los ua ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm seamless lub cev, thiab txoj haujlwm kawg yog los luam ib lub cev sib xyaw rau lub tsheb loj. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias qhov project yuav siv sijhawm li 14 lub hlis, thiab lub tshuab luam ntawv zaum kawg yuav tuaj yeem luam cov hlau qhov ntev 30 feet, 20 feet wide, thiab 12 feet siab (kwv yees li 9 meters × 6 meters × 3.6 meters). Txawm hais tias peb tsis muaj xov xwm txog qhov no tsis ntev los no, qhov project zoo li yuav ua tiav nyob rau yav tom ntej.

3D printing khiav

Lwm daim ntawv thov hauv kev ua tub rog thiab kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws los ntawm ITAMCO (Indiana Technology thiab Manufacturing Company), uas siv cov khoom siv ntxiv los tsim txoj kev khiav mus rau tshav dav hlau mus rau tub rog. Cov ntaub pua tsev no yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshav dav hlau Expeditionary (EAF). Lawv txoj haujlwm yog yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv av tsis muaj zog kom tso cai rau cov tub rog dav hlau tsaws thiab tawm mus. Ua ntej ntawd, ib qho chaw khiav tsheb khiav ua los ntawm cov ntawv txhuas tau siv, tab sis raws li nws tau dhau los lawm, cov tub rog yuav tsum nrhiav kev daws teeb meem tshiab. Lub tshuab luam ntawv M290 3D ntawm lub tuam txhab German EOS yog siv los ua cov qauv sib dua thiab ruaj khov dua rau cov khoom siv tub rog ntawm US Air Force.

ExOne thiab nws cov tub rog pod

Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho lub zog thiab rugged 3D luam ntawv Hoobkas pod, ExOne tau koom nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj haujlwm no tom qab ua haujlwm nrog ntau tus neeg koom tes. Tshwj xeeb, nws suav nrog a1.6 lab Kev Tiv Thaiv Logistics Agency (DLA) daim ntawv cog lus. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, ExOne's Binderjet thev naus laus zis yog siv rau kev ua tub rog vim nws qhov ceev ceev, cov ntaub ntawv hloov tau yooj yim thiab kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog. Lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D no tsim los rau cov tub rog tau hais tias tuaj yeem txau cov nplaum thiab ntau tshaj 20 hom hlau, ceramics, thiab lwm yam khoom siv hmoov. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau hais tias cov vaj tse tshwj xeeb thiab lwm yam haujlwm ua rau nws tsim nyog rau cov khoom lag luam qib tub rog.

3D tshuab luam ntawv rau US Navy

US Navy tseem tab tom siv kev tsim khoom ntxiv, thiab lawv Marine Corps tau tshawb pom lub peev xwm ntawm 3D luam ntawv los tsim cov cuab yeej kho tsheb tshiab. Marine Corps Systems Command ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog thiab cov koom tes hauv kev lag luam los tsim cov khoom siv ntxiv rau kev tshem cov kauj log ntawm cov hlau los ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv. Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem uas feem ntau yuav tsum tau daws nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm naval tsheb. Kev tsim khoom siv ntxiv tuaj yeem pab txo cov sijhawm tu thiab npaj cov cuab yeej, thiab tuaj yeem txo lub sijhawm tos tiag tiag rau cov khoom li 25 hnub.

Kev koom tes ntawm US Army thiab University of South Florida los tsim lub teeb magnesium alloy

Hais txog cov laj thawj rau 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis, ntxiv rau kev koom tes nrog cov tuam txhab muaj feem cuam tshuam, US Army tseem koom tes nrog qee lub tebchaws. Tsis ntev los no, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm University of Central Florida tau ua tiav 3D luam tawm magnesium alloy hu ua WE43. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tsis yog qhov xwm txheej, tab sis tawm ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm cov tub rog. Cov tub rog Asmeskas feem ntau yuav tsum tau yuam kom nqa lub hnab hnyav hnyav thiab khoom siv, yog li nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txo lawv qhov hnyav. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev pab los ntawm WE43 thiab hmoov laser fusion tshuab, US Army thiab University of Central Florida tej zaum yuav pom muaj kev daws teeb meem.

3D luam ntawv lub kiv cua ntawm lub nkoj

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, lub tuam txhab Fabkis nto moo Naval Group tau siv 3D tshuab luam ntawv kom tau raws li ntau yam kev xav tau. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2021, ua tsaug rau WAAM (Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing) cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntxiv, NavalGroup muaj 3D luam tawm lub kiv cua. Lub kiv cua muaj tsib 200 kg hniav thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso rau ntawm Andromeda, lub nkoj tshawb nrhiav kuv. Pab neeg tom qab txoj haujlwm tau piav qhia tias los ntawm kev siv 3D tshuab luam ntawv, lawv txo lub sijhawm tsim kho thiab txo cov khoom siv tsawg.

Spanish Air Force tau hloov kho nws cov txheej txheem los ntawm 3D luam ntawv

Kev tsim khoom siv ntxiv tuaj yeem pab cov khoom kom ua tiav siab hardness, siab zog thiab lwm yam zoo heev. Los ntawm kev txhim kho fiber ntau sab hauv, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim ntau yam cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv dav hlau uas tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kev ua haujlwm hnyav uas yuav tsum tau ua thaum cov khoom siv raug rau cov rog loj heev yam tsis muaj qhov yuam kev. Nyob rau hauv Madrid, tus thawj coj ntawm Spanish Air Force nyoob hoom qav taub Rhiav tau hais tias tam sim no lawv tab tom sim tsim txhua feem los ntawm kev tsim khoom ntxiv thiab zam kev tsim khoom ib txwm muaj. Cov khoom siv no suav nrog cov cuab yeej ntsuas ntsuas dej rau lub dav hlau tsaws iav lossis cov yuam sij kev cai rau lub dav hlau rotors.

General Lattice thiab nws cov kaus mom hlau tsim los rau US Army

GeneralLattice, lub tuam txhab tsim software 3D, thiab US Army tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus los txhim kho qhov cuam tshuam kev nqus ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv cov kaus mom hlau los ntawm 3D luam ntawv thiab qib siab kab sib chaws. Rau qhov project no, lub tuam txhab tau tsim cov txheej txheem kev kwv yees ua qauv los tsim thiab tsim cov khoom siv kaus mom hlau. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov tub rog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab muaj peev xwm muaj sia nyob tom qab cuam tshuam lub taub hau, 3D cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm yuav raug sim hauv ib puag ncig tiag tiag los txheeb xyuas qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev txhim kho cov tub rog lub chaw.

Cov khoom seem hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua armored tsheb

Cov tub rog Australian tau siv cov tshuaj tsuag txias 3D luam ntawv tsim los ntawm SPEE3D los tsim ntau tshaj li kaum ob qhov khoom seem rau ib qho ntawm nws cov tsheb armored. Cov Cheebtsam no tau dhau los ntawm ntau qhov kev sim siv thiab cov ntawv pov thawj, txhim kho lub zog ntawm Australian Army. Piv txwv li, cov khoom luam tawm muaj xws li lub log npog uas siv sijhawm 29 feeb xwb, thiab tus nqi tag nrho yog 100 Australian las. Lub tshuab siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog WarpSPEE3D, uas muaj ib tug printing ntim ntawm 1000 x 700 mm thiab ib tug ceev ntawm 1 kg ib feeb. Los ntawm kev qhia txog kev tsim khoom siv tshuab ntxiv, cov tub rog tuaj yeem txo qis lub sijhawm ntawm cov tsheb armored thiab yog li zoo dua rau cov xwm txheej kub ntxhov.

US Navy thiab Additive Manufacturing

Tau ntau xyoo, US Navy tau ua haujlwm rau ntau qhov kev tsim khoom ntxiv. Lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau txhim kho kev nrawm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm pab pawg ua haujlwm hauv dej hiav txwv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev tsim cov khoom seem. Qhov no yog vim li cas Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) tau nqis peev hauv Xerox ElemX hlau tshuab. Lawv siv cov cuab yeej no los tsim cov khoom seem thiab cov cuab yeej rau submarines thiab nkoj, uas tso cai rau Xerox kom muaj cov saw hlau luv luv thiab tsim cov khoom siv. NPS tsis yog tib lub tuam txhab los tsim 3D luam ntawv tej yaam num nyob rau hauv maritime teb. Qhov tseeb, MatterHackers tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus 5- xyoo nrog US Navy los muab tag nrho cov cuab yeej 3D uas nws xav tau, nrog rau kev cob qhia thiab kev saib xyuas.

Yav tom ntej zog tej yaam num

Lub zog yav tom ntej los ntawm UK ua haujlwm hauv kev tshawb fawb, kev sim tawg, kev tsim hluav taws xob tshiab, kev ua qauv tawg, tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw, thermal characterization, thiab kev sim phom sij. Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj haujlwm yog los tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem kuaj mob los xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tshiab. Kev tsim khoom siv ntxiv yuav raug siv los tsim cov qauv tawg tshiab, uas muab cov neeg siv khoom muaj peev xwm nrog ntau cov txiaj ntsig, suav nrog txo cov nqi khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Tus nqi tuaj yeem raug kho raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua thiab tsim nyob rau hauv ib qho tshiab thiab cov qauv tsim, uas yav tas los tsis xav txog. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom siv LabRam resonance acoustic tov khoom, uas siv lub zog suab tsis siv lub cev los sib xyaw cov ntaub ntawv, ua rau cov txheej txheem muaj kev nyab xeeb dua.

Astro America tsim 3D luam ntawv chariot lub cev

Lub Koom Haum Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, tseem hu ua ASTRO America, tau raug xaiv los ntawm Asmeskas Tub Rog rau txoj haujlwm seamless hull. Qhov kev zov me nyuam tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Manufacturing Innovation Institute, uas tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm US Department of Defense, thiab yog ib feem ntawm kev siv zog los tsim thiab xa cov cuab yeej siv tsheb sib ntaus sib tua siv 3D luam ntawv. Lawv cia siab tias yuav txo lub sijhawm tsim khoom thiab txo cov nqi tsim khoom, thaum txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsheb thiab txhim kho nws cov kev ua tau zoo thiab muaj sia nyob.

3D luam ntawv barracks

ICON, lub tuam txhab tsim kho 3D, paub txog nws cov haujlwm cuam tshuam nrog cov tub rog. Txog qhov kawg no, lub tuam txhab Austin tau koom tes nrog Texas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Tub Rog, Logan Architecture, thiab Fort Structures los tsim cov qauv 3D loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv North America: lub chaw cob qhia ntawm Swift Camp Training Center hauv Bastrop, Texas. Siv ICON's Vulcan lub tsev system, lub tshuab luam ntawv neeg hlau ua haujlwm los ntawm lub khoos phis tawj ntsiav tshuaj uas tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv cement, lub tuam txhab thiab cov tub rog tau ua tiav thawj 3D-luam tub rog camp rau cov tub rog nyob hauv. Lub tsev kawg suav nrog 3,{ {7}}square-foot lub tsev uas tuaj yeem tso tau txog li 72 tus tub rog lossis cov kws tsav dav hlau thiab npaj rau lawv txoj haujlwm tom ntej.

3D luam ntawv submarine hull

Tau ntau xyoo, lub tuam tsev tiv thaiv tau pom txoj hauv kev los siv 3D luam ntawv hauv ntau qhov chaw-hauv av, hauv huab cua, thiab hauv hiav txwv. Qhov tseeb, qhov project tshiab kawg ntawm Asmeskas tub rog tab tom tshawb nrhiav thaj chaw uas tsis paub txog 3D luam ntawv: lub seabed. Hauv 2017, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) tau koom tes nrog US Navy's Disruptive Technology Laboratory rau qhov kev sim tshiab no, pab tsim thawj 3D-luam submarine hull hauv keeb kwm tub rog. Los ntawm kev siv ORNL's FDM loj-thaj chaw additive manufacturing (BAAM) thev naus laus zis, pab pawg tau tsim ib qho 30-foot tswvyim hull nrog 6 carbon fiber composite qhov chaw. Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ib txwm muaj, nws cov khoom lag luam nrawm nrawm dua thiab tus nqi qis dua. Txawm hais tias nws tseem tab tom sim, muaj cov cim qhia tias ntau 3D-luam luam submarines yuav dhia mus rau hauv dej hiav txwv sai sai yav tom ntej.

Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Maine tsim lub nkoj txhawb nqa rau US Marine Corps

Thaum Lub Peb Hlis Ntuj xyoo no, University of Maine (Umaine) 3D luam tawm ob lub nkoj loj loj tshiab ntawm nws Lub Chaw Tsim Kho Siab Tshaj Lij thiab Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob hauv Orono, ib qho uas tau hais tias yog lub nkoj tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws uas tau tsim. Nws tau nkag siab tias ob lub nkoj qauv tsim tau tsim rau Tebchaws Meskas Tub Rog Tub Rog, tsim los ua cov nkoj thauj khoom txhawb nqa, thiab yuav raug sim rau kev siv los ntawm cov tub rog. Qhov loj dua tuaj yeem nqa tau ob lub 20- ko taw thauj cov thawv, thaum lwm qhov tuaj yeem thauj khoom noj, dej thiab lwm yam khoom siv rau tag nrho cov phom phom sij rau peb hnub. Ob lub nkoj tshiab yog 3D luam tawm nrog ntau cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm polymer-based fiber-reinforced composite cov ntaub ntawv. Raws li UMaine, nws muaj peev xwm tsim thiab sib sau ua ke ib lub nkoj hauv ib hlis xwb. Yog tias siv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ib txwm siv, cov txheej txheem no yuav siv sijhawm txog ib xyoos.