Titanium Daim Ntawv Thov hauv Kev Lag Luam Auto

Txawm hais tias titanium alloys tau siv dav hauv aerospace, petrochemical thiab shipbuilding industries, lawv daim ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam tsheb tau tsim maj mam. Pib los ntawm kev vam meej ntawm thawj tag nrho cov tsheb titanium los ntawm General Motors hauv Tebchaws Meskas hauv xyoo 1956, titanium tsheb qhov chaw tsis mus txog qib ntawm cov khoom loj mus txog rau xyoo 1980. Nyob rau xyoo 1990, raws li qhov kev thov rau cov tsheb khoom kim heev, cov tsheb sib tw, thiab cov tsheb sib tw tau nce xyoo los ntawm lub xyoo, titanium pib qhov chaw tsim khoom tsim tau sai heev. Xyoo 1990, tus nqi ntawm titanium siv hauv tsheb thoob ntiaj teb tsuas yog 50t. Xyoo 1997, nws mus txog 500t. Xyoo 2002, nws mus txog 1,100t. Xyoo 2009, nws mus txog 3,{13}}t. Nws cia siab tias tus nqi ntawm titanium siv nyob rau hauv tsheb thoob ntiaj teb yuav ntau tshaj 5,000t hauv 2015. Tam sim no, cov nram qab no hom ntawm titanium alloy qhov chaw feem ntau siv.

1. Cav txuas pas nrig
Titanium alloy yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sib txuas cov pas nrig. Lub cav txuas rods ua los ntawm titanium alloy tuaj yeem txo lub cav loj, txhim kho roj efficiency thiab txo qhov ntim. Piv nrog cov hlau txuas hlau, titanium txuas rods tuaj yeem txo qhov loj ntawm 15% mus rau 20%. Daim ntawv thov ntawm titanium alloy txuas rods yog thawj zaug pom nyob rau hauv ltalis tus tshiab Ferrari sedan 3.5LV8 thiab Acura's NSX cav. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb siv hauv titanium alloy txuas pas nrig yog Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al, Ti-3 Al-2.0V and Ti-4Al-4Mo-Sn-0.5Si. Lwm cov ntaub ntawv titanium alloy xws li Ti-4Al Daim ntawv thov ntawm -2Si-4Mn thiab Ti-7M-4Mo hauv kev sib txuas rods kuj tseem tab tom txhim kho.
2. Cav valve
Automotive cav li qub ua los ntawm titanium alloy tsis tuaj yeem tsuas yog txo cov huab hwm coj thiab txuas ntxiv kev pab cuam lub neej, tab sis kuj txo cov roj noj thiab txhim kho tsheb kev ntseeg siab. Piv nrog steel li qub, titanium li qub tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav los ntawm 30% mus rau 40%, thiab lub cav qhov kev txwv ceev tuaj yeem nce ntxiv los ntawm 20%. Raws li cov ntawv thov tam sim no muaj kev txhawj xeeb, cov khoom siv ntawm lub valve feem ntau yog Ti-6Al-4V, thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub valve feem ntau yog Ti-6242S. Feem ntau Sn thiab Al yog ntxiv ua ke kom tau qis dua brittleness thiab muaj zog dua; Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm Mo tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom kho cua sov ntawm titanium alloys, txhim khu lub zog ntawm quenching thiab aging titanium alloys, thiab nce hardness. Lwm cov titanium alloys nrog kev txhim kho muaj peev xwm suav nrog:
1) Lub valve tuaj yeem ua los ntawm Ti-62S, uas muaj cov khoom sib npaug Ti-6Al-4V thiab pheej yig dua.
2) Lub valve tuaj yeem ua los ntawm Ti-6Al-2Sn-4.0Zr-0.4-Mo{{7} }.45 Si. Vim nws cov ntsiab lus Mos qis dua, nws cov creep kuj zoo dua Ti-6242S, thiab nws cov oxidation kuj tuaj yeem ncav cuag 600 degree. .
3) Lub tso pa tawm tuaj yeem ua los ntawm -TiAl, uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis nws tsis haum rau cov txheej txheem forging ib txwm ua thaum ua. Nws tsuas yog tsim nyog rau kev ua cov hmoov hlau thiab hmoov metallurgy.
3. Valve caij nplooj ntoos hlav
Lub zog siab thiab qaug zog ua haujlwm yog qhov tsim nyog rau lub rooj zaum lub rooj zaum valve. Beta titanium alloy yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kho cua sov uas tuaj yeem tau txais lub zog siab los ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kev laus. Cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog tshaj yog Ti-15V-3Cr- 3Al-3Sn thiab Ti-15Mo-3Al-2 .7Nb-0.2Si. Mitsubishi Motors siv Ti-22V-4Al titanium alloy valve caij nplooj ntoos hlav lub rooj zaum hauv nws cov tsheb loj loj, uas txo cov huab hwm coj los ntawm 42% piv nrog cov qub steel xauv, txo qhov inertial loj ntawm lub valve. mechanism los ntawm 6%, thiab nce lub siab tshaj plaws cav ceev. 300 r / min.
4. Titanium alloy caij nplooj ntoos hlav
Titanium thiab nws cov alloys muaj qis dua elastic modulus thiab loj dua σs / E tus nqi dua li cov ntaub ntawv hlau, ua rau lawv tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov khoom elastic. Piv nrog rau steel tsheb springs, nyob rau hauv lub premise ntawm tib elastic ua hauj lwm, qhov siab ntawm titanium springs tsuas yog 40% ntawm steel springs, thiab cov loj tsuas yog 30% mus rau 40% ntawm steel springs, uas pab txhawb lub tsheb lub cev tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev qaug zog zoo heev thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm titanium alloy tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Tam sim no, titanium alloy cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tsheb thauj khoom muaj xws li Ti-4.5Fe6.8Mo-1.5Al thiab Ti-13V11C-3Al.
5. Turbocharger
Turbochargers tuaj yeem txhim kho lub cav combustion efficiency thiab txhim khu lub zog thiab lub zog. Lub turbine rotor ntawm lub turbocharger yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv high-temperature tso pa roj tshaj 850 degree ntev, yog li nws yuav tsum tau zoo tshav kub. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li aluminium alloys tsis tuaj yeem siv vim lawv cov ntsiab lus melting tsawg. Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv ceramic siv nyob rau hauv turbine rotors vim lawv lub teeb yuag thiab zoo kub tsis kam, lawv daim ntawv thov raug txwv vim lawv cov nqi siab thiab tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom zoo dua lawv cov duab. Txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem no, Tetsui thiab lwm tus tsim lub TiAl turbine rotor. Tom qab ntau qhov kev sim, nws tau raug txheeb xyuas tias nws tsis yog tsuas yog muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov nrawm ntawm lub cav. Qhov kev tsim no tau ua tiav kev lag luam ntawm Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution series.
6. Exhaust system thiab muffler
Titanium yog siv dav hauv lub tsheb tso tsheb. Cov pa hluav taws xob ua los ntawm titanium thiab nws cov alloys tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txhim kho kev ntseeg tau, txuas lub neej thiab txhim kho cov tsos, tab sis kuj txo cov huab hwm coj thiab txhim kho roj combustion efficiency. Piv nrog rau cov pa hluav taws xob steel, titanium tso cov tshuab tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav li ntawm 40%. Hauv Golf series tsheb, qhov loj ntawm titanium tso qhov system tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm 7 txog 9 kg. Tam sim no, cov khoom siv titanium siv nyob rau hauv lub tso pa tawm yog tsuas yog muaj cov ntshiab titanium.
Lub titanium muffler hnyav tsuas yog 5 mus rau 6 kg, uas yog sib dua li stainless hlau thiab lwm yam mufflers. Lub 2000 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 siv 11.8kg titanium muffler thiab tso cov yeeb nkab tsis siv cov txheej txheem qub 20kg stainless hlau, txo qhov loj los ntawm 41%. Cov kev hloov pauv tswj nws lub zog thiab ua rau lub tsheb nrawm dua, hloov tau yooj yim thiab siv roj ntau dua. Cov khoom siv titanium siv nyob rau hauv lub muffler kuj tseem yog kev lag luam ntshiab titanium.
7. Lub cev ncej ib feem
Txhawm rau txhim kho kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub tsheb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xav txog kev tsim thiab kev tsim khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom tsim khoom. Titanium yog cov khoom siv zoo heev uas siv los ua lub cev lub cev. Nws tsis tsuas yog muaj lub zog tshwj xeeb, tab sis kuj muaj qhov zoo toughness. Hauv Nyij Pooj, cov tuam txhab tsim tsheb xaiv cov titanium ntshiab welded kav los ua lub cev ntas. Cov ncej no tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg tsav tsheb muaj kev nyab xeeb thaum tsav tsheb.
8. Lwm yam titanium alloy qhov chaw
Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom siv saum toj no, titanium kuj tseem siv rau hauv lub cav rocker caj npab, ncua kev kawm ntawv, cav piston pins, tsheb fasteners, lug ceev, tsheb qhov rooj protruding kab teeb, tsheb iav brackets, nres caliper pistons, pin bolts, siab Auto qhov chaw xws li daim hlau, hloov khawm thiab tsheb clutch discs.

1. Qhov zoo

Titanium alloys muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub teeb yuag, muaj zog tshwj xeeb, thiab zoo corrosion kuj, yog li lawv tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam tsheb. Feem ntau siv cov titanium alloys yog nyob rau hauv lub tsheb cav tshuab. Muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig rau kev siv titanium alloys los tsim cov cav cav, feem ntau hauv:
1) Qhov tsawg ntom ntom ntawm titanium alloy tuaj yeem txo qhov inertial loj ntawm kev txav mus los. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, titanium valve springs tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev vibration dawb, ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog ntawm lub tsheb, thiab ua kom lub cav ceev thiab lub zog tso tawm.
2) Txo qhov inertial huab hwm coj ntawm kev txav mus los, yog li txo kev sib txhuam thiab txhim kho lub cav roj efficiency.
3) Kev xaiv titanium alloy tuaj yeem txo qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov khoom sib xws thiab txo qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw, yog li txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub cav thiab tag nrho lub tsheb.
4) Qhov txo qis ntawm inertial huab hwm coj ntawm cov khoom txo qis kev co thiab suab nrov thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cav.
Kev siv cov titanium alloys hauv lwm cov khoom tuaj yeem txhim kho cov neeg ua haujlwm kev nplij siab thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsheb. Hauv kev siv hauv kev lag luam tsheb, titanium alloys tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev txo qis.
2. Kev txwv tsis pub siv
Txawm hais tias titanium alloy qhov chaw muaj cov khoom zoo li no, tseem muaj txoj hauv kev ntev mus ua ntej titanium thiab nws cov alloys tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam tsheb. Yog vim li cas muaj xws li tus nqi siab, tsis zoo formability thiab tsis zoo vuam kev ua tau zoo.
Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm titanium alloy nyob ze cov cuab yeej siv tshuab thiab cov cuab yeej vuam niaj hnub xws li electron beam welding, plasma arc vuam, thiab laser vuam nyob rau xyoo tas los no, kev tsim thiab vuam teeb meem ntawm titanium alloys tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txwv tsis pub siv titanium. alloys. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog vim li cas nws tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam tsheb yog tus nqi siab.
Txawm hais tias nws yog thawj zaug smelting ntawm cov hlau los yog ua tom qab, tus nqi ntawm titanium alloys yog ntau dua li ntawm lwm yam hlau. Tus nqi ntawm titanium qhov chaw uas kev lag luam tsheb tuaj yeem txais tau yog 8 txog 13 US las / kg rau kev sib txuas rods, 13 mus rau 20 US las rau li qub, thiab 8 rau cov springs, lub cav tso pa, thiab fasteners. Hauv qab USD / kg. Tus nqi tam sim no ntawm cov khoom tsim nrog cov ntaub ntawv titanium yog ntau dua li cov nqi no. Tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm titanium phaj feem ntau yog siab dua 33 US las / kg, uas yog 6 mus rau 15 npaug ntawm cov hlau phaj thiab 45 mus rau 83 npaug ntawm cov hlau phaj.